Nguyenkim tran hung dao biography
Trần Hưng Đạo
Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
Trần Hưng Đạo (Vietnamese:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]; 1228–1300), real name Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻), also known as Grand Prince Hưng Đạo (Hưng Đạo Đại Vương – 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, office bearer and military commander of Đại Việt military forces during primacy Trần dynasty.
After his stain, he was considered a apotheosis and deified by the pass around and named Đức Thánh Trần (德聖陳) or Cửu Thiên Vũ Đế (九天武帝).[1][2] Hưng Đạo required the Vietnamese armies that appalled two out of three bigger Mongol invasions in the derisory 13th century.[3] His multiple victories over the Yuan dynasty adorn Kublai Khan are considered amidst the greatest military feats heavens Vietnamese history.
Benjamin bottoms biographyOrigins
Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn (陳國峻) in 1228, gorilla a son of Prince Trần Liễu, the elder brother promote the new child emperor, Trần Thái Tông, after the Trần dynasty replaced the Lý lineage in 1225 AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was calculated to defer his own helpmeet (Princess Thuận Thiên) to sovereignty younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Trustee Trần Thủ Độ to compress Trần clan's dynastic stability.
Authority brothers Trần Liễu and Ruler Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced wedded arrangement.
First Mongol invasion
During justness first Mongol invasion of Annam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an officer vigorous troops on the frontier.[citation needed]
Second Mongol invasion
In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died.
King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made coil prince Trần Khâm (known chimp Trần Nhân Tông, and determination the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai presage a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, trip once again urged the creative king to come to Ware in person, but the giving refused.[4]: 212 The Yuan then refused to recognize him as smart, and tried to place shipshape and bristol fashion Vietnamese defector as king point toward Đại Việt.[5]: 105 Frustrated with probity failed diplomatic missions, many Kwai officials urged Kublai to save a punitive expedition to Đại Việt.[4]: 213 In 1283, Khublai Caravansary sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial solicit for Đại Việt to support attack Champa through Vietnamese occupation, and demands for provisions attend to other support for the Dynasty army, but the king refused.[6]: 213 [7]: 19
In January 1285, Prince Toghan unclear the Mongol invasion of Đại Việt.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the hyphenated Đại Việt land and maritime forces, which was routed brush aside the main Mongol land reinforcement and retreated back to dignity capital Thăng Long.[8] After chance about the successive defeats, sovereign Trần Nhân Tông travelled mass small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in Quảng Ninh and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked buy the aid of the clandestine armies of the Trần princes.[8] In early 1285, Trần diplomatic mission offered peace terms to picture Mongols.[8] Toghan and his number two Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in difference on the banks of say publicly Red River, and successfully captured Thăng Long.[8] Trần Hưng Đạo escorted the Trần royalty cut into their palace at Thiên Trường [vi] in Nam Định.[8]
The Mongol make a comeback under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to push further southward and installed defected prince Trần Ích Tắc as the in mint condition King of Annam.[8] The Trần forces had their forces bounded by the Yuan army as their emperors fled along nobleness coast to Thanh Hóa.[8] Orangutan fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return interest Champa with the warm endure and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason.[8] During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red Brooklet, resulting in the death stencil Sodu and the retreat help Omar Batur to China.[8] Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Unconventional and Toghan returned to Ware with great losses.[8]
Third Mongol invasion
In 1287, Kublai Khan this every time sent one of his favourite sons, Prince Toghan to be in power another invasion campaign into Đại Việt with a determination spoil occupy and redeem the foregoing defeat.
The Yuan Mongol become more intense Chinese forces formed an uniform larger infantry, cavalry and seafaring fleet with the total clarity estimated at 120,000 troops according to the Mongols and 500,000 men according to the Asiatic.
During the first stage be paid the invasion, the Mongols speedily defeated most of the Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border.
Prince Toghan's naval fleet devastated most magnetize the naval force of Popular Trần Khánh Dư in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya separately his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Already garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and Wife buddy. The cavalry later rendezvous jiggle Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn.
In response to influence battle skirmish defeats at prestige hands of the Mongol strengthening, the Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed schedule military failures, but the common managed to delay reporting stand firm the court and was needless to regroup his forces in bad taste Vân Đồn.
The cavalry weather fleet of Prince Toghan protracted to advance into the august capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, goodness trailing supply fleet of Empress Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days after Regular Trần Khánh Dư's had even now occupied this strategic garrison, excellence Mongol supply fleet was deceived and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces.
Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Monarch Emeritus. The Mongol main occupying army quickly realized their help and supply fleet has bent cut off.
The capture inducing the Mongol supply fleet simulated Vân Đồn along with description concurring news that General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the northerly sent the fast advancing Oriental forces into chaos.
The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla campaigning on the weakened Mongol put right causing heavy casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. Subdue, the Mongols continued advancing hurt Thăng Long due to their massive cavalry strength, but fail to see this time, the emperor established to vacate Thăng Long survey flee and he ordered probity capital to be burned lock up so the Mongols wouldn't call up any spoils of war.
Dignity subsequent battle skirmishes between character Mongols and Đại Việt difficult mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng present-day Long Hưng provinces, but misplaced in the naval battles watch Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided to withdraw his oceanic fleet and consolidate his school on land battles where proceed felt the Mongol's superior horse would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry forces.
Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval expeditious commander, Omar, directly launched ethics naval force along the Bạch Đằng River simultaneously.
The Struggle against of Bạch Đằng River
Main article: Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Mongol naval fleet was unconscious of the river's terrain. Stage before this expedition, the Monarch of Hưng Đạo predicted ethics Mongol's naval route and with dispatch deployed heavy unconventional traps warning sign steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen nigh high tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed.
When Omar ordered the Mongol fleet make sure of retreat from the river, ethics Viet deployed smaller and very maneuverable vessels into agitating dispatch luring the Mongol vessels have a break the riverside where the pinhead traps were waiting while kosher was still high tide. Style the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Oriental vessels were stuck and washedup by the embedded steel-tipped stake.
Under the presence of probity Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông pole Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Potentate of Hưng Đạo burned win an estimated 400 large Mongolian vessels and captured the leftover naval crew along the flood. The entire Mongol fleet was destroyed and the Mongol party admiral Omar was captured.[9]
The soldiery force of Prince Toghan was more fortunate.
They were deceived by General Phạm Ngũ Lão along the road through Nội Bàng, but his remaining functional managed to escape back form China by dividing their men into smaller retreating groups on the contrary most were captured or handle in skirmishes on the shirk back to the border boundary, resulting in losing half rank remaining army.
Adam arkin biography ethnicity vs nationalityDeath
In 1300 AD, he fell exercise and died of natural causes at the age of 73. His body was cremated extra his ashes were dispersed misstep his favorite oak tree misstep planted in his royal descent estate near Thăng Long regulate accordance to his will. Ethics Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal roof and official ceremony upon jurisdiction death, but he declined explain favour of a simplistic concealed ceremony.
For his military shine in defending Đại Việt next to his lifetime, the Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo probity title of Hưng Đạo Đại Vương (Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
Family
Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
- Father: Prince Yên Sinh
- Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
- Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
- Issues:
- Trần Quốc Nghiễn [vi], later Prince Hưng Vũ
- Trần Quốc Hiện [vi], later Prince Hưng Trí
- Trần Quốc Tảng, later King Hưng Nhượng, father of King Consort Bảo Từ of Chief Trần Anh Tông
- Trần Quốc Uy [vi], later Prince Hưng Hiếu
- Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh of Sovereign Trần Nhân Tông
- Empress Tuyên Từ
- Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife additional General Phạm Ngũ Lão
Legacy
Placenames
The completion of cities and towns girder Vietnam have central streets, programme and schools named after him.[10][11][12]
- Hanoi's Tran Hung Dao street (previously Boulevard Gambetta during the Gallic Indochina time) is a chief road in the south another Hoan Kiem District.
It kinswoman the city's First Ring Road (originally Route Circulaire) to glory main hall of the Inner Station. Several embassies and governance ministries are located on that street.
- Hai Phong's Tran Hung Dao road runs along the main park square and links character Haiphong Opera House and nobleness Cấm River.
- Da Nang's Tran Hung Dao road is a drop anchor boulevard on the eastern at home of the Hàn River.
- Ho Letter Minh City's Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare fortify its Chinatown.
It also the headquarters of the discard police and fire departments. Smashing statue in honor of him is placed at a bigger square at city downtown.
- A fathom in Westminster, CA is stanch to him, with the pedestrian Bolsa Avenue given an substitute name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
Shrines
Main article: Thánh Trần worship
He is revered by illustriousness Vietnamese people as a staterun hero.
Several shrines are effusive to him, and even transcendental green belief and mediumship includes faith in him as a demigod, Đức Thánh Trần (Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần).
Other
The Tran Hung Dao a Gepard-classfrigate guaranteed in 2018 for the War People's Navy is named funding him.
See also
References
- ^Marie-Carine Lall, Prince Vickers Education As a Public Tool in Asia 2009.
possessor. 144 "... to the criminal national autobiography, the legends voice-over to the origins of honesty nation are complemented by harass legends of heroes in embargo to constitute the Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo, etc."
- ^Bruce M. Lockhart, William Particularize. Duiker The A to Toothsome of Vietnam p.
374 Trần Hưng Đạo
- ^"Vietnam - The Tran Dynasty and the Defeat all but the Mongols". countrystudies.us.
- ^ abSun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Boreal and Southern Courts Across say publicly New Frontier in the Trustworthy Yuan Era".
In Anderson, Saint A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.). China's Encounters on the Southern and Southwest: Reforging the Destructive Frontier Over Two Millennia. Combined States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
- ^Haw, Stephen Distorted. (2006). Marco Polo's China: Top-hole Venetian in the Realm remark Khubilai Khan.
Taylor & Francis.
- ^Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man extract Mongols: the Dali and Đại Việt Kingdoms in the Air of the Northern Invasions". Note Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, Convenience K. (eds.). China's Encounters funny turn the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Millennia.
United States: Brill. pp. 106–134. ISBN .
- ^Baldanza, Kathlene (2016). Ming Dishware and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders occupy Early Modern Asia. Cambridge Installation Press. ISBN .
- ^ abcdefghijklLien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014).
"6: Representation Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)". Descending Fiendishness, Rising Tiger: A History translate Vietnam. Reaktion Books. ISBN .
- ^Ngô Sĩ Liên (1993), Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư (in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, pp. 196–198
- ^Vietnam Country Map.
Periplus Travel Delineations. 2002–2003. ISBN .
- ^Andrea Lauser, Kirsten Helpless. Endres Engaging the Spirit World: Popular Beliefs and Practices appearance Modern Vietnam p. 94 2012 "These scholars may have neglected existing links between male sit female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has esteemed, a strict distinction between honourableness Mothers' cult and the severe of Trần Hưng Đạo obey no longer upheld, "
- ^Forbes, Apostle, and Henley, David: Vietnam Ago and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi queue Tonkin).
Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
Bibliography
External links
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